复方参芩对防止心肌细胞免受犬细小病毒损伤的保护和抗氧化作用

目的:探讨复方参芩防止心肌细胞免受犬细小病毒损伤的保护和抗氧化作用.方法:培养的乳鼠心肌细胞,加入犬细小病毒液致心肌细胞病毒性氧化损伤,测定乳鼠心肌细胞裂解液中SOD,MDA及用MTT法测定细胞活性,探究复方参芩防止心肌细胞免受犬细小病毒损伤的保护和抗氧化作用.结果:病毒损伤组细胞保护率为70.67％±1.33％,复方参芩高、中、低剂量组细胞保护率分别为83.52％,92.35％,80.72％,与病毒损伤组相比有极显著性差异(p＜0.01);病毒损伤组细胞裂解液中SOD活性降低,MDA质量分数增高,而复方参芩组上述指标有所改善,其中SOD活性升高,MDA降低,与模型组相比差异极显著(p＜0.01).结论:复方参芩可防止心肌细胞免受犬细小病毒损伤,其机理可能与增强细胞抗氧化作用、减少自由基和脂质过氧化导致的细胞损伤有关.     

Two‐dimensional speckle tracking for quantification of left ventricular circumferential and radial wall motion in horses

Reasons for performing study: The use of two‐dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) for quantification of left ventricular (LV) function has recently been described in horses using long‐axis images and short‐axis images at chordal but not at papillary muscle level. Objectives: To compare the feasibility and reliability of 2DST for quantification of circumferential and radial LV function in short‐axis images at papillary muscle and chordal level. Methods: Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed on 10 healthy trotter horses by 2 observers from a right parasternal short‐axis view at papillary muscle and chordal level. Segmental and averaged peak values and timing of circumferential and radial strain and strain rate, radial displacement and rotation were measured in 6 LV wall segments in each imaging plane. Global peak values were calculated for circumferential strain and strain rate. The inter‐ and intraobserver within‐ and between‐day variability was assessed by calculating coefficients of variation for repeated measurements. Results: 2DST analysis was feasible in each cardiac cycle, although tracking was often inadequate during early diastole. Measurements of averaged systolic circumferential and radial strain and strain rate and radial displacement as well as global circumferential strain and strain rate could be determined with low variability. Early and late diastolic strain rate and systolic rotation showed a moderate variability. Radial segmental measurements were more reliable than circumferential measurements. The interventricular septum showed a higher circumferential and lower radial strain compared with the LV free wall. Peak timing was earlier at papillary muscle compared with chordal level. Conclusions: 2DST measurements of global and regional circumferential and radial LV wall motion are feasible both at papillary muscle and chordal level. Potential relevance: Several measurements had good reliability and should be used for evaluation of the technique in a clinical setting.     

急性心肌缺血大鼠左心室流出道自发性慢反应电位去极离子流变化分析

目的探讨急性心肌缺血大鼠左室流出道自发性慢反应电位去极离子流的变化。方法常规玻璃微电极细胞内方法观测急性心肌缺血大鼠的离体心脏最大舒张电位(MDP)、0相除极幅度(APA)、0相最大除极速度(Vmax)、4相自动除极速度(VDD)、复极50%(APD50)和90%(APD90)的时间以及自发放电频率(RPF)。结果与给药前相比①1.2mmol.L-1河豚毒(TTX)使APA和Vmax有所减小(P<0.05),VDD和RPF明显减慢(P<0.01);②1.0μmol.L-1维拉帕米(VER)可使该慢电位的APA、Vmax、VDD明显减小,RPF减慢(P<0.01);APD、APD90延长(P<0.05);③2mmol.L-1 4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)使该慢电位的MDP的绝对值、APA、Vmax减小,VDD和RPF加快(P<0.01);④1.5mmol.L-1 CsCl作用6min时,VDD和RPF明显降低(P<0.05),10min时恢复。结论①左心室流出道的自发慢电位0相主要去极离子流除Ca2+内流外,还有少量Na+内流。②4相去极离子流中,除Ca2+、Na+的内流和Ik衰减外,If电流可能也起部分作用。     

I、aVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失对急性下壁伴右室心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失对急性下壁伴右室心肌梗死的诊断价值.方法观察73例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图.结果 35例急性下壁伴右室梗死患者中有18例I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波同时消失,占51.42%,而38例不伴右室梗死患者,仅有1例I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失,占2.63%,差异有非常显著性 (P<0.01).以I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波消失作为急性下壁伴右室梗死的诊断指标的敏感性为51.42%,特异性为97.36%.结论I、AVL、V5、V6导联Q波同时消失对急性下壁伴右室梗死具有较高的诊断价值.     

人参皂苷Rb3及Rb2组合物对大鼠实验性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rb,及Rb,组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法采用大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌梗死模型,计算急性心肌梗死24h后的心肌梗死面积（MIS）,测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶（AST）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力,丙二醛（MAD）及一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物5、10、20mg／kg均可明显缩小急性心肌梗死大鼠的MIS,降低血清CK、LDH、AST活性及MAD含量,提高血清SOD、GSH—Px活性及NO含量。结论人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死具有明显保护作用,可能与其增强抗氧化酶活性,减少氧自由基对心肌的损伤等机制有关。     

Cracking the Cytotoxicity Code: Apoptotic Induction of 10-Acetylirciformonin B is Mediated through ROS Generation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

A marine furanoterpenoid derivative, 10-acetylirciformonin B (10AB), was found to inhibit the proliferation of leukemia, hepatoma, and colon cancer cell lines, with selective and significant potency against leukemia cells. It induced DNA damage and apoptosis in leukemia HL 60 cells. To fully understand the mechanism behind the 10AB apoptotic induction against HL 60 cells, we extended our previous findings and further explored the precise molecular targets of 10AB. We found that the use of 10AB increased apoptosis by 8.9%–87.6% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 15.2%–95.2% in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI and JC-1 staining assays, respectively. Moreover, our findings indicated that the pretreatment of HL 60 cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, diminished MMP disruption and apoptosis induced by 10AB, suggesting that ROS overproduction plays a crucial rule in the cytotoxic activity of 10AB. The results of a cell-free system assay indicated that 10AB could act as a topoisomerase catalytic inhibitor through the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα. On the protein level, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, caspase inhibitors XIAP and survivin, as well as hexokinase II were inhibited by the use of 10AB. On the other hand, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased after 10AB treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that 10AB-induced apoptosis is mediated through the overproduction of ROS and the disruption of mitochondrial metabolism.     

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits inflammatory responses induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated rat hearts

AIM：To investigate whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects the hearts against inflammatory responses induced by acute myocardial ischemia in isolated rat hearts. METHODS：Rat acute myocardial ischemia injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 4 h, and the normal perfusate was replaced with NaHS (5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) perfusate accordingly in NaHS groups 2 h after ischemia. The changes of cardiac function in the myocardial ischemic injury rats were observed. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and ICAM-1 was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the myocardial tissues was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS：The cardiac function in ischemia group was lower than that in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, perfusion of NaHS resulted in the improvement of the cardiac function (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with sham group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 in the cardiac tissues was significantly increased, and the mRNA expression of IL-10 in the cardiac tissues was significantly decreased in ischemia group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, the perfusion of NaHS significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-10 (P<0.01). The protein level of NF-κB in ischemia group was markedly higher than that in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with ischemia group, the perfusion of NaHS at concentrations of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION：H2S protects the hearts against acute ischemia injury through inhibition of NF-κB activation and subsequent down-regulation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression.     

线粒体分子标记技术在水产养殖行业的应用

分子标记技术的使用在分子层面上对水产动物进行深度剖析,推动了水产行业的发展和创新.对线粒体分子标记技术的种类、构造和它们在水产行业中各个方面的应用方式进行了综述,探讨了线粒体分子标记技术在起源演化、亲缘和亲权关系、遗传距离和遗传多样性等方面的研究,并比较了不同线粒体分子标记技术的区别,讨论了该分子标记技术在未来水产行业中的发展前景.     

Mitochondrial NAD(P)-malic enzyme from herring skeletal muscle

Mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.39, L-malate: NAD⁺ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)] was purified from herring skeletal muscle to a specific activity of 8.2 mol/min/mg. The purification procedure involved chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Red Agarose and a Sephacryl S-300 with a final recovery of 38% of enzyme activity. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate in the presence of either NAD or NADP in the presence of Mn²⁺. Some kinetic characteristics of this enzyme were determined. The pH optimum of activity is 7.0. ATP was shown to be a competitive inhibitor with malate. The inhibition by ATP displayed hyperbolic competitive kinetics with a K_i (ATP) of 0.28 mM in the presence of NAD and 0.75 mM in the presence of NADP. Fumarate reversed ATP inhibition.In vivo, regulation of NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme might respond to changing levels of mitochondrial ATP and fumarate with the enzyme undergoing kinetic activation by an increase in the concentration of mitochondrial fumarate which could reverse enzyme inhibition by ATP.